Sensemaking and crisis revisited: the failure of sensemaking during the Flint water crisis     

William D. Nowling  Matthew W. Seeger 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2020,48(2):270-289

ABSTRACT

This study operationalized Weick’s [(1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies 25(4), 305–317 and (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 628–652] theory of enacted sensemaking to examine the communication processes associated with the Flint Water Crisis of 2014–2015. A content analysis of 389 emails and attachments from a total population of N?=?37,376 pages of publicly released e-mails and documents pertaining to Flint’s water issues, identified examples of failed sensemaking by government officials. These failures hastened and intensified a growing crisis of lead contamination and an outbreak of Legionnaires disease associated with Flint’s municipal water system. Analysis of email messages suggests that strong commitments by top leaders and limited capacity were important factors as were efforts to create and maintain consensus among officials. The Flint Water Crisis offers an important application of sensemaking theory and its utility for both organizational and risk communication scholars and for practical application. The authors emphasize the importance of questioning previous assumptions and commitments, insuring that communication practitioners are involved in decisions, and avoiding over reliance on image repair as a strategic response.  相似文献   

Effect on growth and productivity of lutein from the chlorophyta microalga,strain MCH of Muriellopsis sp., when grown in sea water and outdoor conditions at the Atacama Desert     

《Electronic Journal of Biotechnology》2021

BackgroundMicroalgae are microorganisms that produce various products, for example, pigments, mainly carotenoids. This study aimed to used the strain of Muriellopsis sp. and to evaluate their behavior when grown in freshwater and seawater, along with indoor and outdoor conditions for both cultures. Growth of the strain was evaluated by determining its biomass, lutein productivity with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant activity by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil (DPPH method).ResultsMuriellopsis sp. strain in indoor cultures showed an increased antioxidant activity. In outdoor conditions, both cultures showed increased cells number, concentration of biomass, and lutein productivity. The percentage of lutein obtained from the strain MCH in indoor conditions was 25 times higher than that reported for calendula, reaching 0.75% of lutein in Muriellopsis sp. cultured in seawater, followed by 0.6% in Muriellopsis sp., cultures in freshwater at day 12 of both cultures. These values exceed that of microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis, which reaches 0.53% lutein.ConclusionsThe results show that the native strain of the Atacama Desert is one of the largest producers of lutein as compared to those reported to date. The study demonstrated the feasibility of producing this carotenoid with well-known properties to prevent some diseases due to its high nutritional value. Muriellopsis sp. cultivation in open-air seawater is a good precedent for developing mass production of this species in an area where freshwater is scarce and costly.How to cite: Cruz-Balladares V, Marticorena P, Riquelme C. Effect on growth and productivity of lutein from the chlorophyta microalga, strain MCH of Muriellopsis sp., when grown in sea water and outdoor conditions at the Atacama Desert. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.09.001  相似文献   

The influence of water depth on kinematic and spatiotemporal gait parameters during aquatic treadmill walking     

Taeyou Jung  Yumi Kim  Hyosok Lim  Konstantinos Vrongistinos 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(3):297-307

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic and spatiotemporal variables of aquatic treadmill walking at three different water depths. A total of 15 healthy individuals completed three two-minute walking trials at three different water depths. The aquatic treadmill walking was conducted at waist-depth, chest-depth and neck-depth, while a customised 3-D underwater motion analysis system captured their walking. Each participant’s self-selected walking speed at the waist level was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining two test conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences among the three walking conditions in stride length, cadence, peak hip extension, hip range of motion (ROM), peak ankle plantar flexion and ankle ROM (All p values < 0.05). The participants walked with increased stride length and decreased cadence during neck level as compared to waist and chest level. They also showed increased ankle ROM and decreased hip ROM as the water depth rose from waist and chest to the neck level. However, our study found no significant difference between waist and chest level water in all variables. Hydrodynamics, such as buoyancy and drag force, in response to changes in water depths, can affect gait patterns during aquatic treadmill walking.  相似文献   

基于虚拟现实技术的救助船对外消防培训仿真系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨可男  张均东  叶子文  伊泓嘉 《上海海事大学学报》2019,40(2):95-100

针对救助船消防训练中存在的海况复杂,对外消防炮射流受风影响大,往往无法准确控制其射向目标区域的问题,在理想状态下射流理论的基础上探究风对射流轨迹的影响,建立自然风条件下射流轨迹的数学模型,模拟对外消防炮射流的运动情况。应用3ds Max构建船舶模型,用Unity3D构建救助船在面临大风浪、遇险船着火等状况时对外消防系统的工作场景,提出一种精确构建粒子系统轨迹的方法,使射流模型能精确体现在场景中。通过虚拟现实设备能实现救助船对外消防培训仿真系统的立体显示和人机交互,起到更好的虚拟仿真和培训效果。  相似文献   

安全情报概念的由来、演进趋势及涵义——来自安全科学学理角度的思辨     

王秉  吴超 《图书情报工作》2019,63(3):45-53

[目的/意义]安全问题是当前国家、政府、企业、社会、大众及学界广泛关注的一个重要现实问题，而安全情报是保障安全的必用之宝，故安全情报研究具有十分重要的理论与现实意义。[方法/过程]运用文献分析法和思辨法，从安全科学学理角度出发，论证基于安全科学视角解读与界定安全情报概念的必要性、重要性与紧迫性，探讨安全情报概念的由来与演进趋势，并分析安全情报的涵义。[结果/结论]从安全科学学理角度看，从安全信息到安全情报的安全管理新认识是提出安全情报概念的根本动力，安全情报概念的总体演进趋势是从分散到统一。同时，从系统安全学角度看，安全情报是指所有影响系统安全行为的安全信息。  相似文献   

石膏/蚯蚓粪肥对赤泥团聚体结构稳定性的影响     

王琼丽  叶羽真  薛生国  江钧  朱锋  田桃 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(4):530-536

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程中排放的高碱性固体废弃物，迄今尚无经济有效的处置方法。以华中地区某堆场赤泥为研究对象，通过土培实验研究改良剂（石膏、蚯蚓粪肥、石膏+蚯蚓粪肥）对赤泥团聚体稳定性的影响。结果表明：石膏的添加能显著降低赤泥pH，而蚯蚓粪肥能显著增加赤泥有机碳含量。土培60 d时，石膏添加后赤泥pH由10.54降到8.75，蚯蚓粪肥添加后赤泥有机碳含量由3.54 g·kg^-1增加至14.31 g·kg^-1。土培180 d时，石膏、蚯蚓粪肥、石膏+蚯蚓粪肥添加后赤泥水稳性团聚体含量由12.04%分别增加到23.49%、29.24%、33.94%；团聚体平均重量直径由0.15 mm分别增加到0.26、0.30、0.34 mm；可蚀性因子由0.36分别降低到0.31、0.30、0.29。石膏和蚯蚓粪肥的添加促进水稳性团聚体形成，提高赤泥团聚体稳定性。基质改良对赤泥团聚体稳定性的影响效果依次为：石膏+蚯蚓粪肥 > 蚯蚓粪肥 > 石膏。研究结果对赤泥土壤化处置和规模化消纳研究有科学参考意义。  相似文献   

Validation of the swimming competence questionnaire for children     

Derwin K. C. Chan  Alfred Sing Yeung Lee  Duncan J. Macfarlane  Martin S. Hagger  Kyra Hamilton 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1666-1673

ABSTRACT

Two studies were employed to test the reliability and validity of the Swimming Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) among primary school children. Study 1 was a cross-sectional survey in 4959 primary school children. Study 2 was a pre-post-test quasi-experiment among 1609 primary school children who underwent a 20-lesson learn-to-swim programme. In Study 1, exploratory structural equation modelling revealed excellent goodness-of-fit and scale reliability for a two-factor model comprising distance and skill factors, which supported the construct and convergent validity. SCQ scores were significantly and positively correlated with swimming outcomes (i.e., self-efficacy, intention, swimming frequency), which supported SCQ’s concurrent and criterion validity. Average variance extracted for the SCQ factors exceeded cut-off criteria supporting discriminant validity. In Study 2, pre-test SCQ scores correlated significantly and positively with the SCQ scores, self-efficacy, intention, and swimming frequency at post-test, which supported SCQ’s test-retest reliability and predictive validity. Positive intraclass correlation between SCQ scores and coach ratings at post-test provided evidence for SCQ’s inter-rater reliability. SCQ scores significantly improved at post-test, which supported SCQ’s ecological validity. In conclusion, findings indicate that the SCQ is a valid and reliable measure to assess primary school children’s swimming competence, in terms of swimming distance and basic water survival skills.  相似文献   

民族传统体育文化面临的安全威胁及其应对策略分析     

苏荣 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(5):127-127,142

文化激进主义、西方体育文化的强势进入以及我国文化发展动力的不足是我国体育文化发展面临的问题,这些问题都是我国民族传统体育文化所面临的安全威胁。为了更好地解决这些问题可以采用的方式包括加大对文化的宣传,提升文化保护意识,积极地调整文化发展的策略,积极地完善相应地文化保护政策,转化文化发展模式,这样就能够更好地加强民族传统体育文化的保护,提升其文化创作的活力,以此来更好地促进民族传统体育产业的发展。  相似文献   

苏北水文化景观格局生成探讨——以大运河为中心     

吴建勇  张洪艳 《中国名城》2021,(4):82-88

大运河苏北区域层面的空间认识与架构不仅关系到自身人居生态特色打造,更关乎文化带建设的整体格局。通过对苏北水文化景观格局形成过程及成因的分析,建立苏北水文化与大运河文化的认识统一性。苏北水文化景观系统是以大运河开凿、维系为引擎,经历漫长历史进程形成的。大运河以及与之有着密切关联的水利、聚落、农业等遗产以及水系、历史地貌要素都是苏北水文化景观系统的重要构成和历史基础。同时,这个系统也是见证大运河发展及其影响的物证条件和大运河文化带、国家文化公园建设的空间依托。苏北水文化与大运河文化资源的保护、利用、融合,可以更好地实现彼此涵括构建、内涵诠释以及建设绩效的释放。  相似文献   

Protective behavior in ride-sharing through the lens of protection motivation theory and usage situation theory     

《International Journal of Information Management》2021

The frequent occurrence of security incidents in ride-sharing is a challenge for the survival of IT-enabled ride-sharing platforms. Passengers’ protective behavior is an effective means to alleviate this issue, with benefits to both the passengers and the platforms. This study explores the mechanisms of passengers’ protective behavior in the ride-sharing context by combining protection motivation theory (PMT) and usage situation theory. We test our hypotheses using data (n = 346) collected from a field survey based on a real scenario. The findings reveal that PMT and usage situation theory work well to explain passengers’ protective behavior during ride-sharing. This study explains the motivation behind passengers’ protective behavior in the ride-sharing context, extends the contents of PMT by exploring its antecedents, and extends the contents of usage situation theory by introducing a new dimension. Our findings can help ride-sharing platforms take appropriate strategies to improve passengers’ protective behavior.  相似文献